Oman is a nation in West Asia and the Middle East that is located on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is formally known as the Sultanate of Oman. Yemen, the United Arab Emirates, and Saudi Arabia are its neighbors on land. Muscat is the largest city and capital. As of 2024, there are over 5.28 million people living in Oman, a 4.60% rise from 2023. It is the nation with the 123rd-highest population. The Gulf of Oman is to the northeast, and the Arabian Sea is to the southeast. The United Arab Emirates encloses the Madha and Musandam exclaves on their land borders, while Musandam's coastline borders are formed by the Gulf of Oman and the Strait of Hormuz, which it shares with Iran.